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Joshua 12 - Simple English

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Read Joshua Chapter 12

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1These are the kings of the land whom the children of Israel struck down. They took their land on the other side of the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon to mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east:

2Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. He ruled from Aroer, which is on the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half of Gilead, as far as the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon.

3He also ruled from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and to the sea of the plain, that is, the salt sea on the east, on the way to Bethjeshimoth; and from the south, below Ashdothpisgah.

4They also took the land of Og king of Bashan, who was left of the giants. He lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,

5and he ruled in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, as far as the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half of Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

6Moses the servant of the LORD and the children of Israel struck them down. And Moses the servant of the LORD gave their land to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, to be theirs.

7These are the kings of the country whom Joshua and the children of Israel struck down on this side of the Jordan, on the west, from Baalgad in the valley of Lebanon as far as mount Halak, which goes up to Seir. Joshua gave their land to the tribes of Israel to be theirs, dividing it among them.

8This was in the mountains, and in the valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, and in the south country: the land of the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

9The king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one;

10the king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;

11the king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;

12the king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;

13the king of Debir, one; the king of Geder, one;

14the king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;

15the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;

16the king of Makkedah, one; the king of Bethel, one;

17the king of Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one;

18the king of Aphek, one; the king of Lasharon, one;

19the king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;

20the king of Shimronmeron, one; the king of Achshaph, one;

21the king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one;

22the king of Kedesh, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one;

23the king of Dor in the region of Dor, one; the king of the nations of Gilgal, one;

24the king of Tirzah, one. All the kings were thirty-one.

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Explanation

Joshua 12

In short

This chapter is a record of victories. It lists all the kings whose lands were conquered so that Israel could possess them: two kings on the east side of the Jordan River, defeated under Moses, and thirty-one kings on the west side, defeated under Joshua.

Context

Joshua 12 follows the main conquest narrative. The battles have been fought and won. This chapter serves as a summary document, confirming what territory has been taken and distributing it among the tribes. The chapter does not recount battles; it records outcomes.

What the text says

Verses 1-3 introduce the eastern kings. Sihon, king of the Amorites, ruled a territory stretching from the river Arnon to the river Jabbok, including plains and regions around the salt sea and Chinneroth. Verses 4-5 describe Og, king of Bashan, a remnant of the giants, who ruled from Mount Hermon through Bashan to the borders of neighboring peoples. Verse 6 states that Moses and the Israelites defeated both these kings, and Moses gave their land to the Reubenites, Gadites, and half of Manasseh.

Verses 7-8 introduce the western kings. Joshua and Israel defeated them in a territory spanning from Baalgad in Lebanon south to Mount Halak, across varied terrain and among various peoples. Verses 9-24 then list thirty-one kings by name and city, from Jericho to Tirzah. Each is counted individually. The chapter ends with the statement "all the kings thirty and one."

Takeaways

  • The list serves as a written record confirming Israel's possession of the conquered land, which is foundational before dividing it among the tribes.
  • The two eastern kings defeated by Moses are listed separately from the thirty-one western kings defeated by Joshua, showing two phases of conquest.
  • The text emphasizes completeness: it names the kings, locates them geographically, and counts them precisely.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.