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Read Genesis Chapter 42

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1Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto his sons, Why do ye look one upon another?

2And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is corn in Egypt: get you down thither, and buy for us from thence; that we may live, and not die.

3And Joseph's ten brethren went down to buy corn in Egypt.

4But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him.

5And the sons of Israel came to buy corn among those that came: for the famine was in the land of Canaan.

6And Joseph was the governor over the land, and he it was that sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph's brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him with their faces to the earth.

7And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food.

8And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him.

9And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.

10And they said unto him, Nay, my lord, but to buy food are thy servants come.

11We are all one man's sons; we are true men, thy servants are no spies.

12And he said unto them, Nay, but to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.

13And they said, Thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, and one is not.

14And Joseph said unto them, That is it that I spake unto you, saying, Ye are spies:

15Hereby ye shall be proved: By the life of Pharaoh ye shall not go forth hence, except your youngest brother come hither.

16Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be kept in prison, that your words may be proved, whether there be any truth in you: or else by the life of Pharaoh surely ye are spies.

17And he put them all together into ward three days.

18And Joseph said unto them the third day, This do, and live; for I fear God:

19If ye be true men, let one of your brethren be bound in the house of your prison: go ye, carry corn for the famine of your houses:

20But bring your youngest brother unto me; so shall your words be verified, and ye shall not die. And they did so.

21And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us.

22And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, behold, also his blood is required.

23And they knew not that Joseph understood them; for he spake unto them by an interpreter.

24And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and returned to them again, and communed with them, and took from them Simeon, and bound him before their eyes.

25Then Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to restore every man's money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way: and thus did he unto them.

26And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence.

27And as one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, he espied his money; for, behold, it was in his sack's mouth.

28And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, it is even in my sack: and their heart failed them, and they were afraid, saying one to another, What is this that God hath done unto us?

29And they came unto Jacob their father unto the land of Canaan, and told him all that befell unto them; saying,

30The man, who is the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country.

31And we said unto him, We are true men; we are no spies:

32We be twelve brethren, sons of our father; one is not, and the youngest is this day with our father in the land of Canaan.

33And the man, the lord of the country, said unto us, Hereby shall I know that ye are true men; leave one of your brethren here with me, and take food for the famine of your households, and be gone:

34And bring your youngest brother unto me: then shall I know that ye are no spies, but that ye are true will I deliver you your brother, and ye shall traffick in the land.

35And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man's bundle of money was in his sack: and when both they and their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid.

36And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved of my children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin away: all these things are against me.

37And Reuben spake unto his father, saying, Slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee: deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him to thee again.

38And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

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Explanation

Genesis 42

In short

A famine forces Jacob to send his sons to Egypt to buy grain. They encounter Joseph, who now rules the land, but do not recognize him. Joseph tests them by accusing them of being spies and detains one brother while ordering them to return with their youngest brother to prove their honesty. The brothers are troubled by guilt over their past treatment of Joseph and puzzled by finding their money returned in their grain sacks.

What the text says

Jacob sees there is grain in Egypt and sends his ten sons to buy it, keeping Benjamin at home because he fears something will happen to him (verses 1-4). Joseph is the governor of Egypt and sells grain to all people coming to buy. When his brothers arrive, they bow before him, but he recognizes them while they do not recognize him (verses 6-8).

Joseph remembers dreams he once had about them and accuses them of being spies (verse 9). They deny this and tell him they are twelve brothers, one missing and one still with their father in Canaan (verses 10-13). Joseph says he will test them: one brother must stay in prison while the others fetch their youngest brother (verses 14-16). After three days, Joseph changes the plan. One brother will remain bound, the others will take grain home, and they must return with their youngest brother or die (verses 17-20).

The brothers confess to each other that this punishment comes because of how they treated Joseph in the past (verse 21). Reuben reminds them he had warned them not to harm the child (verse 22). Joseph, listening through an interpreter, weeps but then takes Simeon and binds him (verses 23-24). Joseph fills their sacks with grain, secretly returns their money to each sack, and sends them off (verse 25).

On the journey home, one brother discovers his money in his grain sack and tells the others. They become afraid, wondering what God has done to them (verses 26-28). At home, they tell Jacob everything that happened (verses 29-34). As they empty the sacks, they find all their money has been returned, and both they and Jacob become afraid (verse 35). Jacob says his children are being taken from him and refuses to let Benjamin go, fearing something will happen to him on the way (verses 36-38).

Takeaways

  • Joseph recognizes his brothers but they do not recognize him, giving him power over them while they remain unaware of his identity.
  • The brothers' past sin against Joseph troubles their conscience, and they see their current trouble as connected to what they did.
  • Jacob's fear of losing Benjamin keeps him from sending the youngest son, even though doing so is now necessary.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.