Egypt

According to Exodus 12:40, the Israelites lived in Egypt for 430 years. This period began when Jacob's family settled in Goshen during Joseph's time and ended with the Exodus under Moses. The earlier generations lived peacefully under Joseph's protection, but later pharaohs who did not know Joseph enslaved them.

The ten plagues were: water turned to blood, frogs, gnats, flies, death of livestock, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and death of the firstborn. Each plague targeted an Egyptian deity, demonstrating that the Lord was supreme over all. The final plague, death of the firstborn, led to the Passover institution and Israel's release.

After the wise men visited Jesus, an angel warned Joseph in a dream that Herod intended to kill the child. Joseph took Mary and Jesus to Egypt, where they stayed until Herod died. This fulfilled the prophecy from Hosea 11:1, 'Out of Egypt I called my son,' which originally referred to Israel but Matthew saw as pointing to Christ.