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Read 1 Samuel Chapter 4

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1And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Ebenezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.

2And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and when they joined battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.

3And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies.

4So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth between the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

5And when the ark of the covenant of the LORD came into the camp, all Israel shouted with a great shout, so that the earth rang again.

6And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, they said, What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the LORD was come into the camp.

7And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a thing heretofore.

8Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness.

9Be strong, and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight.

10And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.

11And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain.

12And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head.

13And when he came, lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside watching: for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city, and told it, all the city cried out.

14And when Eli heard the noise of the crying, he said, What meaneth the noise of this tumult? And the man came in hastily, and told Eli.

15Now Eli was ninety and eight years old; and his eyes were dim, that he could not see.

16And the man said unto Eli, I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to day out of the army. And he said, What is there done, my son?

17And the messenger answered and said, Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.

18And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck brake, and he died: for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years.

19And his daughter in law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, near to be delivered: and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her.

20And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, neither did she regard it.

21And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.

22And she said, The glory is departed from Israel: for the ark of God is taken.

You are readingKing James Version

Explanation

1 Samuel 4

In short

Israel fights the Philistines and is defeated. The Israelites bring the ark of the covenant, God's holy chest, hoping it will save them, but they are defeated again and lose the ark. When this news reaches the elderly judge Eli and the family of his dead sons, each responds with despair to what they see as the departure of God's presence from Israel.

What the text says

Israel goes to battle against the Philistines near Aphek and loses four thousand soldiers (verses 1-2). The elders decide to fetch the ark of the covenant from Shiloh, believing it will protect them (verse 3). The ark arrives with great noise (verses 4-5). The Philistines hear the shout, realize the ark has come, and become afraid because they remember God striking Egypt with plagues (verses 6-8). Yet they decide to fight anyway (verse 9). Israel is defeated with thirty thousand deaths; Eli's two sons Hophni and Phinehas are killed, and the ark is captured (verses 10-11). A messenger brings the news to the city of Shiloh, where the elderly judge Eli, almost blind and ninety-eight years old, is waiting by the gate (verses 12-15). When Eli hears that the ark has been taken and his sons are dead, he falls backward, breaks his neck, and dies (verses 16-18). Phinehas's wife, pregnant and hearing the same news, goes into labor and dies giving birth. Before she dies, she names the child Ichabod, saying "the glory is departed from Israel" because the ark is taken (verses 19-22).

Takeaways

  • Possessing a sacred object or symbol does not guarantee victory if the people using it are not in right standing.
  • Eli and his family experience catastrophic loss, and the naming of the child reflects the belief that God's presence has left Israel with the loss of the ark.
  • The Philistines' fear of God's power proved real only in their memory of Egypt, not in the outcome of this battle.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.