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Exodus 34 - Simple English

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Read Exodus Chapter 34

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1The LORD said to Moses, "Cut two tablets of stone like the first ones. I will write on these tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke."

2"Be ready in the morning. In the morning come up to Mount Sinai, and stand there before me on the top of the mountain."

3"No one is to come up with you. Do not let anyone be seen anywhere on the mountain. Do not let the flocks or the herds graze in front of that mountain."

4So Moses cut two tablets of stone like the first ones. He got up early in the morning and went up Mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and he carried the two tablets of stone in his hand.

5The LORD came down in the cloud and stood there with him, and he called out the name of the LORD.

6The LORD passed by in front of him and called out, "The LORD, the LORD God, merciful and gracious, slow to be angry, and full of goodness and truth."

7"He keeps mercy for thousands. He forgives wrongdoing and rebellion and sin. Yet he will by no means let the guilty go free. He brings the wrongdoing of the fathers on the children, and on the children's children, to the third and the fourth generation."

8Moses hurried to bow his head toward the ground, and he worshipped.

9He said, "If I have now found grace in your sight, O Lord, then let my Lord go among us, I pray. These people are stubborn. Pardon our wrongdoing and our sin, and take us as your own possession."

10And he said, "Look, I am making a covenant. Before all your people I will do wonderful things, such as have never been done in all the earth, nor in any nation. All the people among whom you live shall see the work of the LORD, for what I will do with you is an awesome thing."

11"Keep what I command you today. Look, I am driving out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite."

12"Be careful. Do not make a covenant with the people who live in the land you are going to, or it will become a trap among you."

13"Instead you must tear down their altars, break their sacred stones, and cut down their sacred trees."

14"You must worship no other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God."

15"Do not make a covenant with the people who live in the land. They chase after their gods like unfaithful wives, and they sacrifice to their gods. Then one of them will invite you, and you will eat from his sacrifice."

16"And you will take their daughters for your sons, and their daughters will chase after their gods, and they will make your sons chase after their gods too."

17"You shall not make yourself any gods of melted metal."

18"You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread. For seven days you shall eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you, at the set time in the month Abib. For in the month Abib you came out of Egypt."

19"Every firstborn is mine, and every firstborn male among your animals, whether ox or sheep."

20"But the firstborn of a donkey you shall buy back with a lamb. If you do not buy it back, then you shall break its neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall buy back. And no one shall come before me empty-handed."

21"Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest. Even in ploughing time and in harvest you shall rest."

22"You shall keep the feast of weeks, with the first fruits of the wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the end of the year."

23"Three times in the year all your males shall come before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel."

24"For I will drive out the nations before you, and make your borders wider. And no one will want to take your land when you go up three times in the year to come before the LORD your God."

25"You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice along with anything that has yeast in it. And the sacrifice of the Passover feast must not be left until the morning."

26"You shall bring the best of the first fruits of your land to the house of the LORD your God. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk."

27The LORD said to Moses, "Write down these words, for it is on the terms of these words that I have made a covenant with you and with Israel."

28Moses was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights. He did not eat bread or drink water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.

29When Moses came down from Mount Sinai, he had the two tablets of the testimony in his hand. As he came down from the mountain, Moses did not know that the skin of his face was shining, because he had been talking with him.

30When Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, look, the skin of his face was shining, and they were afraid to come near him.

31But Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the leaders of the people came back to him, and Moses talked with them.

32Afterwards all the children of Israel came near, and he gave them as commands everything that the LORD had said to him on Mount Sinai.

33When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face.

34But when Moses went in before the LORD to speak with him, he took the veil off until he came out again. Then he came out and told the children of Israel what he had been commanded.

35And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, and the skin of Moses' face was shining. So Moses put the veil over his face again, until he went in to speak with him.

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Explanation

Exodus 34

In short

After Israel breaks the first covenant by worshipping a golden calf, Moses receives new stone tablets from God on Mount Sinai. God reveals his character as merciful yet just, renews the covenant with Israel, and gives them laws about worship and festivals. Moses returns with his face shining from God's presence, so bright that he must wear a veil when speaking to the people.

Context

This chapter comes after Israel's sin with the golden calf and Moses' first descent from Sinai in anger. God has decided to continue with Israel despite their failure. Moses now ascends the mountain a second time to receive replacement tablets and hear God's covenant renewed.

What the text says

Verses 1-4: God commands Moses to cut two new stone tablets like the first ones he broke, and to meet God on the mountain.

Verses 5-7: God appears, proclaims his name, and describes himself as "merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth," yet also declares he will not clear the guilty and will visit the iniquity of fathers upon children to the third and fourth generation.

Verses 8-9: Moses bows and worships, then asks God to go with this stubborn people and pardon their sin.

Verses 10-26: God renews the covenant, promising to drive out the nations before Israel but commanding them not to make treaties with them or worship their gods, and listing laws about feasts, firstfruits, the Sabbath, and sacrifices.

Verses 27-28: God tells Moses to write these covenant words. Moses stays on the mountain forty days and forty nights, during which God writes the Ten Commandments on the tablets.

Verses 29-35: When Moses comes down, his face shines so brightly from speaking with God that the people fear to approach him. He wears a veil when speaking to them, removing it only when entering God's presence.

Takeaways

  • God's mercy is central to his character, but he does not ignore guilt or wrongdoing.
  • The covenant includes both God's protection and Israel's obligation to avoid idolatry and keep specific practices.
  • Being in God's presence changes a person visibly and profoundly, marking Moses as set apart for his role.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.