Updated on

DEU

Deuteronomy 20

Read Deuteronomy Chapter 20

Up and down arrows move from one verse to the next.

1When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, be not afraid of them: for the LORD thy God is with thee, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

2And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people,

3And shall say unto them, Hear, O Israel, ye approach this day unto battle against your enemies: let not your hearts faint, fear not, and do not tremble, neither be ye terrified because of them;

4For the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.

5And the officers shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it.

6And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man eat of it.

7And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.

8And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart faint as well as his heart.

9And it shall be, when the officers have made an end of speaking unto the people, that they shall make captains of the armies to lead the people.

10When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it.

11And it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it shall be, that all the people that is found therein shall be tributaries unto thee, and they shall serve thee.

12And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it:

13And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword:

14But the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee.

15Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations.

16But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth:

17But thou shalt utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee:

18That they teach you not to do after all their abominations, which they have done unto their gods; so should ye sin against the LORD your God.

19When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them: for thou mayest eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them down (for the tree of the field is man's life) to employ them in the siege:

20Only the trees which thou knowest that they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut them down; and thou shalt build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it be subdued.

You are readingKing James Version

Explanation

Deuteronomy 20

In short

This chapter gives Israel rules for going to war. Before battle, priests and officers prepare the army by reminding them God fights with them and by removing those with personal reasons or fear. When attacking distant cities, Israel must offer peace first, but when attacking the people already living in the land, total destruction is required to keep Israel from following their religions.

What the text says

Verses 1-4 tell soldiers not to fear when they see larger armies because God goes with them and fights for them. Verses 2-4 say a priest must tell the people this before battle starts.

Verses 5-8 list who the officers should send home: men who have built a house but not dedicated it, planted a vineyard but not eaten from it, or become engaged but not married. Also, any man who is fearful should go home so his fear does not spread to others.

Verses 10-15 say that when Israel approaches a distant city, they must first offer it peace. If the city accepts and opens its gates, the people become servants and pay tribute. If it refuses, Israel besieges the city, kills the men, and takes the women, children, animals, and goods for themselves. Verse 15 says this rule applies to all distant cities, not cities of the local peoples.

Verses 16-18 say something different: for the people already living in the land, Israel must destroy everything that breathes, including the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. The reason given is to prevent Israel from learning and practicing their religious ways.

Verses 19-20 add a rule about trees during siege: do not chop down fruit trees because they provide food, but non-fruit trees may be cut for building siege equipment.

Takeaways

  • God's presence in battle is meant to remove fear before the fighting starts.
  • Three groups are sent home before battle: those with incomplete personal plans, and those too afraid to fight reliably.
  • Different rules apply to distant cities than to the local peoples, with peace offered to distant cities but total destruction commanded for the local peoples.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.