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Deuteronomy 19

Read Deuteronomy Chapter 19

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1When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses;

2Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

3Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.

4And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;

5As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live:

6Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past.

7Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.

8And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;

9If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:

10That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.

11But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities:

12Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.

13Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee.

14Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

15One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.

16If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;

17Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;

18And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;

19Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you.

20And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.

21And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

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Explanation

Deuteronomy 19

In short

This chapter sets up safe cities for people who kill someone by accident, protects them from revenge, but makes sure intentional murderers receive justice. It also gives rules for fair trials, protecting people's property lines, and punishing those who lie in court.

What the text says

When Israel takes the promised land, they must set up three cities where someone who kills accidentally can run for safety (verses 1-3). The rule covers a person who kills a neighbor without hatred or planning, such as an axe head that flies off while cutting wood (verses 4-5). The purpose is to stop the victim's family from killing the person in hot anger before a proper judgment, since the killer did not intend harm (verse 6). If God expands Israel's territory, they must add three more cities, keeping this protection available everywhere (verses 8-9).

However, if someone kills with hatred or planning, even if they flee to a refuge city, the elders hand them over to the family's avenger, and they die (verses 11-12). The law also forbids moving boundary markers that mark property lines (verse 14). A court must have two or three witnesses, not just one (verse 15). If a witness lies in court, the judges investigate, and that false witness receives the punishment they tried to inflict on the accused (verses 16-19). The law follows the principle of life for life and injury for injury (verse 21).

Takeaways

  • Accidental killing and intentional murder are treated differently under God's law.
  • Safety and fair judgment both matter, which is why refuge cities and witness rules exist together.
  • False testimony is punished as harshly as the crime it tried to frame someone for.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.