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Read Romans Chapter 9

Up and down arrows move from one verse to the next.

1I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,

2That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.

3For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:

4Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;

5Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

6Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:

7Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.

8That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

9For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sara shall have a son.

10And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;

11(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

12It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

13As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.

14What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.

15For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

16So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.

17For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.

18Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

19Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?

20Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?

21Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?

22What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:

23And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,

24Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

25As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

26And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

27Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

28For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.

29And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

30What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

33As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.

You are readingKing James Version

Explanation

Romans 9

In short

Paul grieves that most of his own people, the Israelites, have not believed in Christ, even though God gave them great privileges. He explains that God has always chosen whom to show mercy to, and this does not make God unfair, since God is like a potter who can shape clay however he wishes.

What the text says

Paul opens (verse 1) by swearing he is telling the truth, and then (verse 2) states he feels deep sadness. He says (verse 3) he would even wish to be cut off from Christ if it could save his fellow Jews. Verses 4 to 5 list what God gave to Israel: adoption, glory, covenants, the law, worship, promises, the ancestors, and the fact that Christ came from them physically.

But (verse 6) Paul says God's word has not failed. He explains (verses 7 to 8) that being born from Abraham does not make someone one of God's children; only those born through God's promise count. He gives examples: Isaac, not Ishmael (verse 7), and Jacob, not Esau, were chosen (verses 10 to 12), even before they were born and had done anything good or bad.

Paul then (verse 13) quotes that God "loved" Jacob but "hated" Esau, and asks (verse 14) whether this makes God unfair. He answers (verses 15 to 16) that mercy comes from God's choice, not human effort. He uses Pharaoh as an example (verse 17): God raised him up to show His power. Verse 18 sums this up: God shows mercy to whom He chooses and hardens whom He chooses.

Someone might object (verse 19): if God decides everything, why does He find fault? Paul responds (verses 20 to 21) by asking who humans are to question God, comparing them to clay questioning a potter. Verses 22 to 24 say God endures vessels made for destruction in order to show the riches of mercy to vessels prepared for glory, both Jews and Gentiles.

Verses 25 to 29 cite Old Testament passages saying God will call people His own who were not His own, and that a remnant of Israel will be saved. Verses 30 to 33 conclude that Gentiles attained righteousness through faith, while Israel pursued righteousness through works of the law and stumbled over Christ, whom scripture calls a stumbling stone.

Takeaways

  • God's choice of whom to save is His alone to make, and this is not unfair because He is the creator and we are the created.
  • Being born into a chosen people does not guarantee salvation without faith in Christ.
  • Both Gentiles and a remnant of Israel can receive God's mercy through faith.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.