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Exodus 12 - Simple English

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Read Exodus Chapter 12

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1The LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt. He said,

2"This month will be the beginning of months for you. It will be the first month of the year for you."

3"Speak to all the congregation of Israel. Say to them, 'On the tenth day of this month every man is to take a lamb for himself, one for each family of their fathers, a lamb for a house."

4"'If the household is too small for a lamb, then let him and his neighbour who lives next to his house take one together, counting the number of people. You shall count for the lamb by how much each person eats."

5"'Your lamb must be without blemish, a male in its first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats."

6"'You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening."

7"'They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two door posts and on the beam above the door of the houses where they eat it."

8"'That night they shall eat the meat, roasted with fire. They shall eat it with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs."

9"'Do not eat it raw, and do not boil it in water at all. Roast it with fire, its head with its legs and its inner parts."

10"'You shall let none of it remain until the morning. Whatever is left of it until the morning you shall burn with fire."

11"'This is how you shall eat it: with your belt fastened, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You shall eat it in haste. It is the LORD's passover."

12"'For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night. I will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal. And against all the gods of Egypt I will carry out judgment. I am the LORD."

13"'The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will fall on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt."

14"'This day will be a day of remembrance for you. You shall keep it as a feast to the LORD through all your generations. You shall keep it as a feast by a law for ever."

15"'For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall put leaven out of your houses. For whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel."

16"'On the first day there shall be a holy gathering, and on the seventh day there shall be a holy gathering for you. No work at all shall be done on those days, except preparing what everyone must eat. That alone you may do."

17"'You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread, for on this very day I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. So you shall keep this day through your generations by a law for ever."

18"'In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month in the evening."

19"'For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses. For whoever eats what is leavened shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or born in the land."

20"'You shall eat nothing leavened. In all your homes you shall eat unleavened bread.'"

21Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel. He said to them, "Go and take lambs for your families, and kill the passover."

22"Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin. Put some of the blood that is in the basin on the beam above the door and on the two door posts. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning."

23"For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians. When he sees the blood on the beam above the door and on the two door posts, the LORD will pass over the door. He will not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you."

24"You shall keep this as a law for you and for your sons for ever."

25"When you come to the land which the LORD will give you, as he has promised, you shall keep this service."

26"And when your children say to you, 'What does this service mean to you?'"

27"you shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover. He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when he struck the Egyptians, and he saved our houses.'" And the people bowed their heads and worshipped.

28The children of Israel went away and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron. That is what they did.

29At midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the cattle.

30Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. There was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not someone dead.

31He called for Moses and Aaron by night and said, "Get up, and go out from among my people, both you and the children of Israel. Go, serve the LORD, as you have said."

32"Take your flocks and your herds too, as you have said, and be gone. And bless me also."

33The Egyptians pressed the people hard, to send them out of the land quickly. For they said, "We are all dead men."

34So the people took their dough before it was leavened. They wrapped their kneading bowls in their clothes on their shoulders.

35The children of Israel did as Moses had said. They asked the Egyptians for jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing.

36And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they gave them what they asked for. And they stripped the Egyptians of their goods.

37The children of Israel travelled from Rameses to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides children.

38A mixed crowd went up with them as well, and flocks and herds, a very great number of animals.

39They baked unleavened cakes from the dough they had brought out of Egypt, for it was not leavened. They had been driven out of Egypt and could not wait, and they had not prepared any food for themselves.

40Now the time the children of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.

41At the end of the four hundred and thirty years, on that very day, all the armies of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.

42It is a night to be carefully kept for the LORD, because he brought them out of the land of Egypt. This is that night of the LORD, to be kept by all the children of Israel through their generations.

43The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, "This is the law of the passover: no stranger shall eat of it."

44"But every man's servant who has been bought with money may eat of it, once you have circumcised him."

45"A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it."

46"It shall be eaten in one house. You shall not carry any of the meat outside the house, and you shall not break a bone of it."

47"All the congregation of Israel shall keep it."

48"And when a stranger stays with you and wants to keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised. Then let him come near and keep it, and he shall be like one born in the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it."

49"There shall be one law for the one born in the land and for the stranger who stays among you."

50So all the children of Israel did this. As the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, that is what they did.

51On that very day the LORD brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

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Explanation

Exodus 12

In short

God commands the Israelites to mark their doorposts with lamb's blood so that when he strikes down every Egyptian firstborn, he will pass over the homes of the Israelites and spare them. This event, called the Passover, happens that very night, and Pharaoh immediately drives the Israelites out of Egypt. The Israelites are told to remember this deliverance every year by keeping the feast of unleavened bread.

Context

Moses and Aaron are in Egypt, where the Israelites have been enslaved. This chapter records God's final instruction before the tenth plague. Pharaoh has repeatedly refused to let the people go, and God has sent nine plagues already. Now God is about to strike every firstborn in Egypt, and he gives the Israelites specific instructions so they will be protected from this judgment.

What the text says

God speaks to Moses and Aaron and tells them this month will be the beginning of the year for Israel (verses 1-2). Each household is to select a lamb on the tenth day, keep it until the fourteenth day, then kill it and mark the doorposts and lintel with its blood (verses 3-7). The people are to eat the meat roasted, with unleavened bread and bitter herbs, in haste with their clothes ready for travel (verses 8-11). That night, God will pass through Egypt and strike down all firstborns, both human and animal, but will pass over houses marked with blood (verses 12-13). This event is to be remembered forever as a feast for seven days with no leaven in their houses (verses 14-20).

Moses instructs the elders (verses 21-23), and the people obey God's commands (verse 28). At midnight, God strikes all the Egyptian firstborns, causing great mourning (verses 29-30). Pharaoh urgently orders the Israelites to leave (verses 31-32). The people take their unleavened dough and depart, borrowing items from the Egyptians who give generously (verses 34-36). About 600,000 men, plus women and children, leave Egypt (verses 37-39). The text notes that Israel's time in Egypt lasted 430 years (verse 40). God emphasizes this night must be observed forever (verses 41-42). Further instructions follow: only those circumcised may eat the Passover; no bones are to be broken; and the law applies equally to native Israelites and foreigners living among them (verses 43-49). The Israelites do all this, and on that same day God brings them out of Egypt (verses 50-51).

Takeaways

  • God protects his people by establishing a sign and a memorial that links obedience to safety.
  • The Passover becomes an ordinance to be kept forever, grounding Israel's identity in God's deliverance.
  • Pharaoh's refusal to release Israel results in devastating judgment that finally compels him to send them out.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.