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Deuteronomy 22 - Simple English

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Read Deuteronomy Chapter 22

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1If you see your brother's ox or his sheep wandering away, do not pretend you have not seen it. You must bring it back to your brother.

2If your brother does not live near you, or if you do not know who he is, then bring the animal to your own house. Keep it with you until your brother comes looking for it, and then give it back to him.

3Do the same with his donkey. Do the same with his clothing. Do the same with anything your brother has lost and you have found. You must not pretend you have not seen it.

4If you see your brother's donkey or his ox fallen down on the road, do not pretend you have not seen it. You must help him lift the animal up again.

5A woman must not wear what belongs to a man, and a man must not put on a woman's clothing. Everyone who does such things is detestable to the LORD your God.

6If you happen to come across a bird's nest beside the road, in any tree or on the ground, with young birds or eggs in it, and the mother is sitting on the young or on the eggs, you must not take the mother along with the young.

7You must let the mother go, and you may take the young for yourself. Then it will go well with you, and you will live a long time.

8When you build a new house, you must make a low wall around your roof, so that you do not bring the guilt of blood on your house if anyone falls from it.

9Do not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed. If you do, both the crop you have sown and the fruit of your vineyard will be defiled.

10Do not plough with an ox and a donkey yoked together.

11Do not wear clothing made of two kinds of material, wool and linen woven together.

12Make tassels on the four corners of the cloak that you wrap around yourself.

13If a man takes a wife, and goes in to her, and then hates her,

14and he makes up charges against her and gives her a bad name, saying, "I married this woman, but when I came to her, I did not find that she was a virgin,"

15then the girl's father and mother shall take the proof of the girl's virginity and bring it out to the elders of the city at the gate.

16The girl's father shall say to the elders, "I gave my daughter to this man as his wife, and he hates her."

17"Look, he has made up charges against her, saying, 'I did not find that your daughter was a virgin.' But here is the proof of my daughter's virginity." Then they shall spread the cloth out before the elders of the city.

18The elders of that city shall take the man and punish him.

19They shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver and give the money to the girl's father, because he has given a bad name to a virgin of Israel. She shall stay his wife, and he may never divorce her as long as he lives.

20But if the charge is true, and no proof of the girl's virginity is found,

21then they shall bring the girl out to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone her to death. She has done a shameful thing in Israel, acting like a prostitute in her father's house. So you shall clear away the evil from among you.

22If a man is found lying with a woman who is married to a husband, then both of them must die, the man who lay with the woman and the woman as well. So you shall clear away the evil from Israel.

23If a girl who is a virgin is engaged to a man, and another man finds her in the city and lies with her,

24then you shall bring them both out to the gate of that city and stone them to death: the girl, because she did not cry out though she was in the city, and the man, because he has violated his neighbour's wife. So you shall clear away the evil from among you.

25But if a man finds an engaged girl out in the field, and the man forces her and lies with her, then only the man who lay with her shall die.

26To the girl you shall do nothing. The girl has done no sin worthy of death. This case is like the case of a man who attacks his neighbour and kills him.

27For he found her in the field, and the engaged girl cried out, and there was no one to save her.

28If a man finds a girl who is a virgin and is not engaged, and he takes hold of her and lies with her, and they are found out,

29then the man who lay with her shall give the girl's father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife. Because he has violated her, he may never divorce her as long as he lives.

30A man must not take his father's wife, nor uncover his father's skirt.

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Explanation

Deuteronomy 22

In short

This chapter contains laws governing property, clothing, and sexual conduct in Israel. It deals with returning lost goods, maintaining distinctions between male and female dress, protecting animals, and handling cases of sexual misconduct, including false accusations and assault.

Context

Deuteronomy records Moses speaking to Israel before they enter the promised land. Chapter 22 continues a long section of specific laws governing daily life and relationships. These rules apply to the community as a whole and involve both individual responsibility and public enforcement through elders and gates (the city gathering place).

What the text says

Verses 1-4 require returning a brother's lost animals or property, or caring for them until he claims them. Verse 5 forbids men and women from wearing each other's clothing. Verses 6-7 require releasing a mother bird when taking her nest's eggs or young. Verse 8 requires a parapet on new roofs for safety. Verses 9-11 prohibit mixing seed kinds in vineyards, plowing with different animals together, and wearing wool and linen together. Verse 12 requires fringes on garment corners.

Verses 13-19 address a husband who falsely accuses his new wife of not being a virgin. Her parents bring evidence to elders; if the husband is found wrong, he pays a fine and cannot divorce her. Verses 20-21 state that if the accusation is true, the woman is executed. Verse 22 prescribes death for both parties in adultery with a married woman. Verses 23-24 apply similar punishment to a betrothed virgin in the city who does not cry out. Verses 25-27 distinguish this from rape in a field, where only the man dies and the woman is blameless. Verses 28-29 address an unbetrothed virgin: the man pays her father and must marry her without divorce. Verse 30 forbids taking a father's wife.

Takeaways

  • The laws protect property, safety, animals, and sexual boundaries, mixing practical rules with moral ones.
  • Some laws distinguish between actions and circumstances: consent, location, and status all matter in sexual cases.
  • Public witnesses and elders enforce these laws, making them community concerns, not private matters.

Explanation written with the help of AI. The Bible text above is not changed. Context and interpretation are flagged as such; always come back to the text itself.