David King of Israel

David was the second king of Israel and the greatest in its history. A shepherd who became king, he defeated the giant Goliath with a sling. A musician and poet, he composed many Psalms. Despite his sins, notably with Bathsheba, he remained "a man after God's own heart." From his lineage came Jesus Christ.

1. Birthc. 1040 BC

   David is born in Bethlehem as the youngest of Jesse's eight sons. He becomes a shepherd, learning to protect flocks from lions and bears, skills that would later serve him against Goliath and in leadership.

   1SA 16:10-11, 17:34-36

2. Anointingc. 1025 BC

   God rejects Saul and sends Samuel to anoint one of Jesse's sons. Samuel passes over the older brothers, and God chooses the youngest shepherd boy. Samuel anoints David, and the Spirit of the Lord comes upon him powerfully.

   1SA 16:1-13

3. Enters Saul's Courtc. 1024 BC

   An evil spirit torments Saul, and his servants recommend a skilled harpist. David is brought to play music that soothes Saul's torment. He becomes Saul's armor-bearer and finds favor in the king's eyes.

   1SA 16:14-23

4. Defeats Goliathc. 1024 BC

   The Philistine giant Goliath defies Israel for forty days. Young David, bringing supplies to his brothers, accepts the challenge. With a sling and stone, he kills Goliath in the name of the Lord, routing the Philistines.

   1SA 17:1-54

5. Flees from Saulc. 1024-1014 BC

   Saul becomes jealous as David's fame grows. He tries to kill David multiple times. David flees, gathers a band of followers, and spends years as a fugitive in the wilderness, caves, and even among the Philistines.

   1SA 18-31

6. Feigning Madness at Gathc. 1023 BC

   Fleeing Saul, David goes to Achish king of Gath, the city of Goliath. The servants recognise him as the one they sing of: Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. Afraid, David changes his behaviour before them, scratching at the doors of the gate and letting spittle run down his beard, until Achish drives him away as a madman.

   1SA 21:10-15

7. King Over Judahc. 1010 BC

   After Saul and Jonathan die at Mount Gilboa, David inquires of the Lord and goes to Hebron. There the men of Judah anoint him king over their tribe. He reigns in Hebron for seven years and six months.

   2SA 2:1-4

8. King Over All Israelc. 1003 BC

   After civil war ends, all the tribes of Israel come to Hebron and anoint David king over the whole nation. David is thirty years old and will reign thirty-three more years over all Israel.

   2SA 5:1-5

9. Conquers Jerusalemc. 1000 BC

   David captures the Jebusite stronghold of Jerusalem and makes it his capital, 'the City of David.' This neutral city between north and south becomes the political and later religious center of Israel.

   2SA 5:6-10

10. Ark to Jerusalemc. 1000 BC

    David brings the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem with great celebration. He dances before the Lord with all his might, wearing a linen ephod. He places the Ark in a tent and offers sacrifices.

    2SA 6:1-19

11. Davidic Covenantc. 1000 BC

    David wants to build God a house, but God reverses it: He will build David a house (dynasty). God promises David's throne will be established forever - ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the eternal King.

    2SA 7:1-17

12. Sin with Bathshebac. 990 BC

    David commits adultery with Bathsheba and arranges the death of her husband Uriah. Nathan the prophet confronts him with a parable. David repents, but the child dies and consequences follow his household.

    2SA 11-12

13. Absalom's Rebellionc. 980 BC

    David's son Absalom conspires against his father, stealing the hearts of Israel. David flees Jerusalem. Civil war follows. Absalom is killed by Joab against David's orders, and David mourns deeply for his son.

    2SA 15-18

14. Deathc. 970 BC

    David dies after reigning forty years. He charges Solomon to walk in God's ways and keep His commands. He is buried in the City of David. His line continues, ultimately producing Jesus, 'Son of David.'

    1KI 2:1-12